Reduced sleep duration has been found to lead to performance and health decrements. Research has shown that individuals reporting insomnia or insufficient sleep duration have significantly worse productivity, performance, and safety outcomes than those characterized as good sleepers. Organizations must, in turn, manage increasing costs as a result of inadequate sleep. It is, therefore, relevant to identify the causes of sleep deprivation so that proper mitigation strategies can be implemented. Evidence indicates that sleep loss remains reduced for some National Aeronautics and Space Administration astronauts living and working on the International Space Station. A recent study of shuttle astronauts found that some astronauts indicated that high workloads led them to feel fatigued and, hence, eased their ability to fall asleep whereas others identified that the high workload specifically inhibited them from falling asleep. The current study sought to evaluate the relationship between possible individual perpetuating factors (age, gender, work stress, neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness) and sleep duration in a population analogous to astronauts. One hundred and six participants between the ages of 35 and 55 who worked as medical doctors, engineers, and scientists completed the International Personality Item Pool, the Stress in General Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Hierarchical regression indicated that when taken together, age, gender, and work stress significantly predicted sleep duration, with work stress attributed to 8% of the variance. When extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness were added to the regression equation, these factors did not predict sleep duration when taking into account age, gender, and work stress, although work stress still predicted sleep duration. Hence, regardless of age and gender, and levels of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness, reported increased work stress predicted reduced sleep duration. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are discussed.