Bowlby's (1988) intergenerational model suggested that mothers' attachment representations affect the quality of their caregiving parenting behaviors, which in turn affect their child working model of attachment and their child later adaptive behavior. Maternal caregiving behavior has been found to be strongly correlated with maternal efficacy. Following Bowlby (1988) this study explored whether maternal efficacy mediates the relationships between child behavior problems and each of the following domains: (a) mothers' attachment-related anxiety and avoidance towards their caregivers in childhood, (b) mothers' attachment styles in their romantic relationships, and (c) mothers' reports of their own and their husbands' behavioral aspects of closeness, openness, and intrusiveness in their marital relationships. The study also examined these domains as predictors of maternal efficacy, and maternal efficacy as a predictor of child behavior problems. One hundred and four Israeli married mothers, each having a single toddler, rated their attachment-related anxiety and avoidance towards their caregivers and romantic partners, their own and their husbands' closeness, openness, and intrusiveness towards each other, their maternal efficacy in parenting, and their child behavior. As predicted, significant associations were found between mothers' attachment-related anxiety, marital behaviors, maternal efficacy, and child behavior problems. Nine marital behaviors and attachment-related variables significantly predicted maternal efficacy, and maternal efficacy significantly predicted child behavior problems. A hierarchical multiple regression revealed that seven marital behaviors and attachment-related variables accounted for 23.4% of the variance in child behavior problems. Maternal efficacy accounted for additional 5.2% unique variance in child behavior problems. Finally, consistent with Bowlby (1988) the results showed that maternal efficacy partially mediated the relationships between seven couple relationship and attachment-related variables—and child behavior problems. Clinical implications regarding the relations between anxious attachment patterns in childhood and in marital relationships, maternal efficacy, and child behavior are discussed.