Of the three components of negative affect, anger-related disorders have received the least amount of both clinical and research attention. A more comprehensive characterization of anger is crucial for improving our understanding of anger-related disorders and developing more effective therapeutic and assessment approaches. One individual difference that appears to be of considerable importance for understanding anger is gender. Recent researchers have concluded that although no gender differences in the frequency or intensity of anger experienced appear to exist, differences do exist between genders in the expression, experience, and perception of anger. This research incorporates the psychometric methodologies of Content Analysis, Classical Test Theory, and Item Response Theory to evaluate gender differences within a variety of domains of anger and hostility using the items from the Anger Disorder Scale and Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. Overall, findings of this study support existing research, with women found to experience feelings of unfairness, resentment as well as a higher degree of irritation, disappointment, mistrust, suspicion, and criticism toward others, and men found to be more defensive and confrontation avoidant, engage in a higher degree of physical, coercive, and passive aggression, and experience more intense rising of anger. Moreover, items measuring content less characteristic of a certain gender were found to be more informative for that gender within a normal sample, whereas items addressing traits considered to be typical of a gender were found to be most informative within a clinical sample for that gender. Finally, contrary to previous research, findings of the current study support that both genders may engage in an equal degree of verbal aggression and experience similar difficulties with impulse control. Revenge motives were suggested as playing an equal role in the experience and expression of anger for both genders. Men were also suggested as being more confrontation avoidant. Overall, anger appears to be a complex emotion that may be differentially manifested within each gender. In addition, this investigator demonstrates how psychometric models can be useful for addressing substantive research hypotheses. However, future research based on a variety of research methodologies is needed to clarify the issues uncovered by this psychometric approach.