Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of implementation intentions (i.e., if-then plans that link an intended response to an anticipated situational cue) as a strategy for engaging control over expressions of implicit race bias (Mendoza, Gollwitzer, & Amodio, 2010). The current dissertation tested whether implementation intentions could initiate egalitarian responses to racial cues on the Shooter Task, a reaction-time stereotyping measure. Across two studies, evidence was found to support the prediction that participants who formed an implementation intention strategy to be more careful upon seeing Black targets would be more accurate overall on the task, compared with those who adopted a similar goal strategy or no strategy at all. Process dissociation analyses indicated that the implementation intention increased controlled processing without affecting automatic stereotype activation. Furthermore, electroencephalographic indices of perceptual and conflict-monitoring processes (the P2 and CRN event-related potentials, respectively) were used to predict racially biased responses on the task. The results supported the prediction that implementation intentions, but not simple goal intentions, would achieve their effects on intergroup behavior by engaging a proactive (i.e., anticipatory) form of control. This dissertational work therefore suggests that control does not always operate as a reactive (i.e., corrective) process within intergroup situations and that having specific if-then plans for action can help prevent the stereotypic responses typically triggered by racial cues.