Since 1941, academic dishonesty has been recognized in the professional literature as a serious problem. Personality Types A and B have been suspected as contributors to cheating. In this quasi-experimental study, undergraduate and graduate students (N = 112) at one academic institution were surveyed about their attitudes and cheating behavior. Theories of motivation, differential association, anomie-strain, planned behavior, and matching law provided the theoretical foundation. Personality characteristics and cheating attitude/behavior were measured with the Student Jenkins Activity Survey (SJAS), the Marlow-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-C SDS) and the Survey for Cheating Behaviors (SCB), respectively. M-C SDS attitudes of social desirability were found to be significantly associated with cheating behaviors on the SCB. Hypothesis testing found no significant difference between personality types A and B in cheating attitudes, cheating behavior, and conformance with academic integrity codes using MANOVA and stringent Bonferroni correction. Significant findings from more detailed chi-squared analysis of SCB items were used to identify specific rationales for cheating associated with gender, age, major, and level of degree in college. This study supports positive social change by informing more focused and specific initiatives to support accurate assessment of individual qualifications for advancement into careers that directly impact the health, well-being, or livelihood of others.