The main topic of this recording project and research paper is the analysis of Russian composer and pianist Samuil Feinberg's piano Sonata no. 6 in historical, cultural, and artistic context. Feinberg's work is situated at a volatile historical crossroad, when the ideas of a declining Tsarist Russia inevitably led to revolution and redistribution of economic and cultural values, and a completely new political structure. Feinberg's roots in the Russian intelligentsia and Russian cultural tradition put him at odds with Stalinist-era aesthetics, which is one of the reasons his work as a composer was never widely acknowledged in the West. By giving a historical overview of 19th and early 20th Century Russian politics and arts, the author elucidates the cultural ground from which Feinberg's work sprung, and shows why, in comparison, Feinberg's work was both original and revolutionary. Many of Feinberg's most important aesthetic breakthroughs came about in Sonata no. 6 and expressed his philosophical, structural, and musical ideas and conceptions. Thus, this is a piece of music, and an artist, deserving of recognition within the twentieth century musical cannon.