This thesis studies structures and dynamics of phospholipids vesicles and their interactions with nanoparticles and peptides, with a focus on the following problems: (1) Single-vesicle dynamics for new colloidal physics. Phospholipids vesicles are stabilized by physically adsorbed nanoparticles, and employed as a unique system, in which the vesicles in dense suspensions exhibits dynamical features corresponding to their soft, hollow and polydisperse characteristics. (2) Shape transformation of lipid membrane. Seeking a general understanding of shape deformations associated with biological functions and cell proliferation, morphologies of giant lipid vesicles are studied to reveal their interactions with nanoparticles and pore-forming peptides. Nanoparticle-induced pearling and peptide-induced raft budding of giant lipid vesicles provide facile strategies to reproduce cellular shape transformations in vitro . These studies bridge the cell biology with materials, chemistry and physics.