Humans display considerable individual differences in patterns of behavior during social interactions. One of the primary factors underlying this variability seems to be sensitivity to social threat, which can be quantified through various self-report measures, neuroimaging methods, and behavioral measures. Previous research has documented evidence for specific relationships between (1) face processing patterns, (2) neurobiology, and (3) individual differences in sensitivity to social threat. The present research investigated how individual differences in neurobiological functioning, eye-to-eye gaze, attention to emotional expressions, and self-reported social functioning are related in healthy adults. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at locus rs2254298 and locus rs53576 of the oxytocin receptor gene were investigated as potential markers of individual differences in face processing and social functioning. Eyetracking data were collected to document individuals' patterns of eye-to-eye gaze and attention to neutral and emotional faces. Social functioning measures included the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Skinner, Martin, & Clubley, 2001), Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE) scale (Leary, 1983), and the Experiences in Close Relationships scale (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998). Individuals with lower scores on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient made longer individual fixations toward directed eyes relative to averted eyes of faces in naturalistic videos, reflecting a greater degree of attentional capture by direct gaze (Study 1). Social anxiety, as measured by the BFNE, was linked to increased spontaneous eye-to-eye gaze for neutral and emotional face photos displayed for one second (Study 2A). Genetic polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor gene that have been previously linked to increased susceptibility for clinical autism predicted, in the present research, delayed disengagement of attention from neutral and emotional face photos displayed for one second (Study 2B) as well as self-reported autistic-like social tendencies (Study 2C). Overall, results suggest a number of parallels between individual differences in healthy adults and patterns of eye-to-eye gaze, attention to emotional expressions, and neurobiological functioning that have been documented in clinical conditions marked by social functioning impairments (e.g. social anxiety and autism).