The purpose of this study was to examine employment predictors and employment barriers for women of color with psychiatric disabilities who receive Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) benefits using the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) dataset, which contained employment outcome information for all individuals with closed cases. The social cognitive career theory (SCCT) was used to categorize specific RSA variables into four constructs from Lent, Brown, and Hackett's 1994 SCCT model: person inputs, background contextual affordances, contextual influences, and outcome expectations. The sample size (N=10,238) consisted of women of color with a mental illness diagnosis. Within this group of women included 820 women of color who received TANF benefits. The TANF group's person inputs, background contextual affordances, and contextual influences were compared to the larger group to identify significant differences between the two groups of women. The results indicated that person inputs had a limited impact on employment outcomes, while background contextual affordances and contextual influences had a significant impact on successful employment outcomes. It appeared that age interacted with level of education and employment status but not vocational rehabilitation (VR) services. For example, most of the women who received TANF had less educational achievement than women who did not receive TANF. There was an insignificant relationship or interaction between age and VR services or age and employment outcome. However, level of education and employment status had an impact on employment outcome. There was an insignificant interaction between level of application and successful employment outcomes.