Perceptions of wellness and burnout among certified athletic trainers: Contributions of the wellness domains
by Naugle, Keith E., Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, 2009, 153 pages; 3367564

Abstract:

Burnout increases the prevalence of disease and dictates the severity of illness. Stressful job settings, long hours, and an increased number of stressors are mechanisms of professional burnout. These demands may cause a decline in health as time commitments generate imbalances between personal and professional lives. Furthermore, no information regarding the domains of wellness and their role in preventing burnout in AT is available. To better understand how the domains of wellness can reduce burnout and improve the health of the AT profession, the following hypotheses have been proposed; (Hypothesis 1): That burnout susceptible AT professionals (high burnout scores) will have decreased social, mental, and physical health. This result would suggest that these domains of wellness are part of a multifactorial mechanism that leads to burnout. (Hypothesis 2): That disconnect (lack of a relationship) between the wellness domains and perceived wellness exists. A cross sectional design was used to compare perceived wellness, burnout, and wellness domain (social support, mental health, and physical activity) scores among certified athletic trainers employed in the southeastern district of the NATA (District 9). Variables include: demographics (hours worked, years of experience), Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), Perceived Wellness Survey (PWS), Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire, Mental Health Inventory-5, and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support Survey. The mean scores for the CBI and the PWS were 41.81±17.44 and 16.5±2.8 respectively. A burnout score of 50 is considered high, and a PWS score closer to 29 is considered healthy. Four hundred and twelve members responded (response rate 26.4%) of which 59% were male. Pearson correlations showed significant negative relationships between burnout and years of job experience (r=−0.173, p<0.001), social support (r=−0.265, p<0.001), perceived wellness (r=−0.515, p<0.001), mental health (r=−0.265, p<0.001), and physical activity (r=−0.123, p<0.001). Additionally, a significantly positive correlation was revealed between burnout and hours worked (r=0.124, p<0.01), between perceived wellness and social support ( r=0.388, p<0.001), mental health (r=0.486 p<0.001) and physical activity (r=0.200, p<0.001). A regression analysis revealed that mental health, physical activity and social support directly contributed to perceived wellness ( r2=0.579 p<0.001). A regression analysis also revealed that perceived wellness, hours worked per week and mental health contributed to burnout (r2=0.32 p<0.01). Based on these results, increased levels of social support, physical activity and mental health are associated with perceived wellness. Higher perceived wellness and fewer hours worked per week could lower burnout. Path analysis models were used to determine direct and indirect effects of the previous variables. The path model provided adequate fit and shows that hours worked per week, years of experience, physical activity, and mental health were causes of burnout. The three domains of health, social support, mental health and physical activity were causes of perceived wellness. By knowing potential causes of burnout and decreased wellness in athletic trainers, future research can work to decrease burnout by educating ATCs and employers about reducing work hours, increasing levels of physical activity and mental health, possibly causing less diseases and severity of illnesses.

 
AdviserPaul Borsa
SchoolUNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
SourceDAI/A 70-07, p. , Sep 2009
Source TypeDissertation
SubjectsPhysical education; Health education
Publication Number3367564
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