The study investigated the roles of maternal parenting styles as predictors of Palestinian preadolescents’ victimization and aggression. A total of 907 Palestinian 10- to 14-year-olds completed a survey about their mothers’ parenting styles (affection, behavioral control, and psychological control) in Palestinian refugee schools in Jordanian camps in Amman. Later in the school year, teachers completed a questionnaire on the children’s peer victimization and aggression. Theories and research on parenting styles have been largely developed in Western cultures using samples of European-American families. This study provides knowledge about parenting and peer relations in Palestinian families. Mothers who were more affectionate had children who were less likely to be victimized or aggressive towards their peers. Mothers who used more behavioral control had sons who were more likely to be victimized and less likely to be aggressive. Mothers who used more psychological control had sons who were more aggressive; however, psychological control did not predict boys’ victimization. Mothers who used more behavioral control had girls who were less likely to be victimized and more likely to be aggressive. Mothers who used more psychological control had daughters who were more likely to be victimized and less likely to be aggressive.