Asthma is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases, with an increasing prevalence over the last two decades. Despite the development of national asthma guidelines by the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP), physician compliance with these guidelines has not been thoroughly examined at a national level, especially among children from low-income families who are a higher risk of receiving suboptimal care. MEPS (Medical Expenditure Panel Survey) data were used to evaluate compliance with the NAEPP guidelines. The analytic approach utilized a multiple logistic regression model to examine guideline compliance between privately and publicly insured asthmatic children. The present study failed to reject the null hypothesis as there was no statistical difference found between children with private health insurance plan and public insurance plan on the study outcome measures. Even though the present study failed to reject the null hypothesis, high compliance was observed for both children with private and public health insurance plan on use of non-recommended beta₂-agonist, Cromolyn or Nedocromil, and Theophylline or Aminoplylline. However, regardless of healthcare coverage status, there was relatively low compliance for monitoring asthma using a peak flow meter at home, having doctor visits for asthma, taking recommended medication such as inhaled anti-inflammatory medication, short acting beta₂-agonist, and steroid inhalant. Public policy should make sure that physicians are following proposed guidelines, and insure compliance with best practices for healthcare providers as well as promoting evidence based health education.