The present study analyzes the influence, on the work of Eugenio Cambaceres, Rubén Darío, and Leopoldo Lugones of various philosophical and scientific tendencies such as Pythagorean doctrine, Kantian transcendental idealism, Darwinian evolution, and Einstein's theory of relativity. In order to perform said analysis, Kuhn's concept of scientific paradigm is extended to include a new type of "literary" paradigm which serves as the conceptual scheme that frames the discussion. In this manner, the influence of Schopenhauer's thought on Cambaceres' most important novel Sin rumbo is ascertained while, at the same time, an argument is created that justifies the role of Schopenhauer's pessimism on the nihilist undertones in the creation of Argentinian literary naturalism. As pertains to the poetry of Rubén Darío, the role and the extent of its Pythagorean influence is determined while a new understanding of Darío's thought is suggested when it is shown that, through the influence of Romanticism, Darío seems to espouse a type of formal transcendental idealism. Finally, in the case of Leopoldo Lugones a new vision of his lifelong relation to science is provided. In doing so some of his most "scientific" short stories, such as "yzur" and "La fuerza omega," are examined in relation to the scientific knowledge of the time. Given that Lugones holds an eminent place in the history of Argentinean literature as the first writer (perhaps the first Argentinean) to fully understand Einstein's theory of general relativity, this claim is also examined and it is contrasted with other critical approaches that look very successfully to dethrone him.