The purpose of the study was to compare an acute bout of low-volume and high-volume resistance exercise (RE) on insulin sensitivity and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose, insulin, C-peptide responses in premenopausal, normoglycemic, untrained women. Ten women (age 30.1 ± 9.0 yr) were assessed for body composition, maximal oxygen uptake, and 1RM for six resistance exercises prior to completing the three following treatments administered in random order: one set of ten resistance exercises (RE1), three sets of 10 resistance exercises (RE3), and no exercise (C). The RE load was 65-70% of the participant's 1RM and was performed for 10 repetitions for both RE bouts. Twenty-four hours after completing each treatment, a 75-gram OGTT was performed following a 12-14 hr overnight fast. Each treatment was administered approximately 26 to 32 days apart and timed to occur during the participant's follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Compared to C (960.8 mmol/L ± 152), both RE1 (900.5 mmol/L ± 113.5, p = .019) and RE3 (827.9.5 mmol/L ± 116.33, p = .003) glucose AUC responses to an OGTT were significantly reduced the by 6.2 and 13.8% respectively. However, the differences between RE1 and RE3 glucose AUC were not significant. The insulin and C-peptide AUC responses after RE1 and RE3 were not significantly different than C treatment. Insulin sensitivity, as predicted by the Cederholm Insulin Sensitivity Index, was significantly improved after RE1 and RE3 by 10.5 and 25.8%, respectively, but RE1 and RE3 were not significantly different from each other. Changes in glucose AUC from C to both RE1 (r = .731, p = .016) and RE3 (r = .649, p = .042) were significantly correlated to the C treatment glucose AUC. A dose-response relationship between RE volume and changes in glucose, insulin, C-peptide responses or insulin sensitivity were not established from this study. Improvements in glucose AUC and insulin sensitivity were most likely due to increases in GLUT 4 translocation resulting from the activation of non-insulin-dependent signaling pathways. The results of this study suggest that either low- or high-volume resistance exercise can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce plasma glucose levels.