The main exegetical contribution of "Neither Jew nor Gentile, but Both: Paul's 'Christians' as 'Gentile-Jews'" is original readings of passages in Paul's epistle to the Romans. These interpretations are the result of new perspectives on identity construction provided in particular by postcolonial theorists, and a new paradigm for understanding the origins of Christianity inspired by alternatives to the so-called "parting of the ways." In short, I use the figure of hybridity, as it is articulated by theorists such as Homi Bhabha and Mikhail Bakhtin, to better understand texts that describe ambiguous Jewish identities in antiquity. At first I cast my gaze on proselytes and Idumeans, groups long thought to have inhabited the border between Jew and Gentile in the ancient world, but then I extend my analysis to include Pauline "Christians." As I demonstrate, Paul had no cognizance of a third category of identity, "Christian." In fact his letters describe a paradoxical hybrid space in which baptized Gentiles become Jews in the fullest sense, while at the same time remaining Gentiles. So, for example, in the olive tree metaphor of Rom. 11:17-24, such Gentiles become physically attached constituents of Israel, while simultaneously remaining physically distinct from Israel. They become Jews, but not really Jews, or as the title of the study suggests, they become hybridized "Gentile-Jews." Through the interpretive lens of this new conceptual taxonomy, I not only achieve innovative solutions to longstanding interpretive problems in Paul's epistles, I am also able to reconcile prevailing disputes within the discipline regarding the emergence of an articulated "Christian" identity in the post-Pauline era.