This study examined the problem that policy and planning decisions have led to limited navigable roads in Cameroon. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that inform decisions to invest in roads and policy implementation patterns affecting the increased supply and efficiency of roads. The conceptual framework derived from politics-administration dichotomy and the rational model of decision-making theories in administration. Research questions led to an examination of the effect of policy decisions on the evolution of roads, how the practice of governance affected the degree of road development, and the extent to which navigable roads affected social change. This study used a qualitative content analysis design with a focus on available secondary data gathered for investigative, administrative, and technical purposes. Findings indicated an inadequate policy and regulatory framework, interference with decision making, and conflicting public sector management strategies led to narrowly conceived road development efforts. Results also suggested that solutions to sustainable road development require dismantling deeply entrenched political relationships, structural weaknesses, and the establishment of politically neutral and competent institutions.This research suggests that failure to adequately invest in roads impedes the cross-sectional benefits of roads to the effective functioning of economic and social frameworks in the light of achieving the poverty reduction strategy of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This study contributes to social change by demonstrating that restructuring decisions to improve roads will serve public interest by reducing cost and time of transportation, cost of maintaining vehicles, and the cost of goods and services.