Abstract: Using the prism of Black Power Studies, this dissertation explores the radical black underground as a vibrant and dynamic component of the black freedom struggle of the 1960s and 1970s in the United States. Although largely ignored by scholars and demonized by mainstream media, the radical black underground provided and received significant domestic and international support, across race and class lines, in the context of the overall struggle for social justice and equality. The clandestine nature of underground movements makes them difficult to study. Much of their structure, actions, membership, and history have been purposefully kept secret. While sonic narratives exist, and certain information can be gleaned from public statements, newspaper articles, declassified FBI files, and an examination of underground movements in other countries, a tremendous amount of work still needs to be done in order to unearth this neglected aspect of American history. Domestic armed struggle and underground movements have been ignored by conventional academia as part of its larger bias against the Black Power Movement. While often marginalized and criminalized, the radical black underground's efforts ushered in a greater degree of community control and power than had been achieved during the previous decade of civil rights. An examination of new methods and strategies of dissent, introduced by the radical black underground, further develops our understanding of the black freedom struggle. Originally articulated by Peniel Joseph, Black Power Studies raises critical issues that are imperative to understanding the complexity of the era and overcoming traditional academic biases. This dissertation builds on Joseph's points by offering a systematic analysis of the radical black underground 'on its own terms.' At the same time, an examination of the government's illegal Counter Intelligence Programs, during the decline of the Black Power Movement, is an effort to address other research obstacles. Most importantly, however, this dissertation underscores my commitment to unearthing a political subject that remains highly volatile, contentious, and legally risky.