In order to explore the link between healthy immune systems and healthy psychological well-being, the impact of resilience on immune system responses was examined through a comprehensive review of the literature. For this investigation, resilience was conceptualized as adaptive coping responses to stress. Quantitative and qualitative studies which investigated the impact on immunity of various types of resilient coping mechanisms were reviewed, including psychosocial support; healthy expression of emotions; finding meaning in traumatic experience; coping self-efficacy expressed through active coping; optimism, and more. Psychoneuroimmunology is a new field of investigation, examining relationships between stress, the immune system and health outcomes. It is clear that further research in adaptive coping could have an impact on the effort to improve patient outcomes through immunoenhancement. Findings support the position that various resilient responses to stress can improve health outcomes by acting as moderator variables to strengthen immune responses.