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Abstract:
The primary purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the attitudes of Albanian immigrants to the United States toward mental health, and to better understand their level of awareness, knowledge and perceptions of mental health issues, their beliefs about the family's role in mental illness and healing, as well as the available mental health resources. The data were collected through the use of demographic questionnaires and in-depth, semi-structured interviews. A qualitative analysis of the interview data was conducted using Maykut and Morehouse's (1994) constant comparative method. Analysis focused on five pre-determined research questions, each encompassing the voices and perceptions of Albanian immigrants: (1) How do Albanian immigrants perceive mental health and mental illness? (2) How do Albanian immigrants cope with or take care of mental health problems? (3) What are Albanian immigrants' barriers to receiving mental health services? (4) To what extent do Albanian immigrants accept the Western concepts of mental health and its treatment? and (5) How do Albanian immigrants perceive mental health and treatment in relation to the family? Data analysis resulted in 29 major themes and one minor theme. Due to the complexity of the nature of the Albanian culture and the aims of this study, themes tended to be dynamic and overlapping. The twelve participants in this study provided valuable information about the Albanian culture, as well as prevailing beliefs and attitudes regarding mental health. When Albanian immigrants were given the opportunity to share their perceptions and beliefs regarding mental health and mental health problems, they provided rich, compelling information regarding how Albanian culture and history have impacted Albanians and their families' beliefs regarding mental illness and their ways of coping with mental health problems. Overwhelmingly, the participants in this study reported that mental illness has a pronounced shame and stigma in the Albanian culture due to both cultural and historical factors. They all expressed hesitation and reluctance to seek professional help, even though they all reported a good general understanding of mental health, mental illness, and the impact on both the individual and the rest of the family. The main and most important source of help and support for Albanians was identified as the family. Denial of the existence of the mental health problems and attempts to hide the mentally ill person were reported as among the main ways of coping in order to prevent gossip and protect the honor of the family. However, the participants in this study were able to recognize the importance of educating Albanian immigrants about mental illness, the importance of seeking professional help, and becoming familiar with available resources in the community.
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