Abstract: The ability to design implants with tailored biomimetic surfaces that promote biological cell adhesion, function, and differentiation will be a significant contribution in implant surface design. Therefore measurement of adhesion strength of biological cells to biomaterials has received wide attraction as a necessary evaluation technique to understand cell-biomaterial interaction. Several different approaches have been used to measure cell adhesion strength, yet none provides a measure of intrinsic adhesion strength or provides its quantitative measurement. This is because their approaches require a lot of assumptions in the mechanical properties of cells and a multi-axial stress-state in order to calculate cell adhesion. Furthermore, drawbacks to some hydrodynamic techniques include possibility of cell rupture during detachment, resulting in a measurement that contains cohesive as well as adhesive components and considerable local deformation during detachment, which may result in an inaccurate calculation of adhesion strength. Unfortunately, such an existing indirect measurement of adhesion cannot allow the far-field parameters connected to atomic-level cell adhesion processes, which is needed for developing tailored biomaterial surfaces. Therefore, in this study, a laser spallation technique, which was originally developed to measure adhesion of thin films, was adopted to determine the interfacial tensile strength of cells and mineralized tissue to various engineered substrates. In this experiment, a laser-generated stress wave on the back surface of the substrate pries off the coating deposited on its front surface. Specifically, the objectives of this study were: (1) To measure the adhesion of several different types of living mammalian cells to various substrates using the laser spallation technique. (2) To measure the interfacial tensile strength of a mineralized tissue on titanium substrates with different surface treatments. The effects of specific enzymes on the degree of adhesion were also studied. (3) Lastly, as an application of cell adhesion evaluation work, the feasibility of the technique for precision isolation and placement of a single or multiple biological cells onto any desired substrate was demonstrated. To achieve the study objectives, several new experimental equipments, procedures, and analyzing methods were successfully developed considering the characteristics of biological specimens. Also, new machinery of analysis that enhances the calculation accuracy and efficiency was developed, and as final calculation methods, both FEA simulation and analytical method were adopted and compared with each other. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)