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Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of the four-category model of attachment measured by the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994), which includes secure, preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing attachment styles, and how these four styles relate to coping strategies used by late adolescents, specifically 18 to 24 year olds. The four attachment styles, and also gender and social desirability, were correlated with the following eight coping strategies measured by the Ways of Coping (Revised) (Folkman & Lazarus, 1985): Confrontive Coping, Distancing, Self-Controlling, Seeking Social Support, Accepting Responsibility, Escape-Avoidance, Planful Problem Solving, and Positive Reappraisal. Data gathered from 145 college students indicated that more securely attached participants, those with a positive view of both self and others, were more likely to use Positive Reappraisal, or efforts to create positive meaning, by focusing on personal growth. More preoccupied participants, those with a negative view of self and a positive view of others, had a greater tendency to use Confrontive Coping, or aggressive efforts to alter the situation, a finding suggesting some degree of both hostility and risk-taking. Preoccupied participants also had a tendency to use Escape-Avoidance, or wishful thinking as well as behavioral efforts to escape or avoid problems. In contrast, participants with more dismissing attachment, those with a positive view of self and a negative view of others, had a strong tendency to use Distancing, or cognitive efforts to detach oneself and minimize the significance of the situation. Participants with a more fearful attachment, those with a negative view of both self and others, were more likely to use both Escape-Avoidance, and Self-Controlling strategies, or efforts to regulate feelings and actions. Results also indicated that females were more likely to endorse Seeking Social Support, efforts to seek informational support, tangible support, and emotional support. Participants with a self-reported tendency to respond in a socially desirable manner reported that they were less likely to use Escape-Avoidance and more likely to use Positive Reappraisal. The results are discussed in light of theories that propose a four-category model of attachment.
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