This thesis is an exploratory look into the relationship between the strength of state-based identities and globalization. I argue that the differences in the state-based identity of Estonia and Moldova help explain their relative openness towards globalization. State-based identity strength is indicated by three factors: First, common culture—a solid collective memory that ties past, current, and future identity to the state. Second, language—indigenous language reinforces state-based identity, whereas vestiges of empire and a language foisted on the people by outsiders indicates a weaker state-based identity. Thirdly, state policies—education, citizenship requirements, and public holidays are used to illustrate how the state communicates identity to the population and molds loyalty of the collective. I find Estonia has a stronger state-based identity and engages with globalizing influences, whilst the weaker state-based identity of Moldova epitomizes the defensive perception of global influences leading to undermining state-based loyalties, therefore Moldova concentrates on internal issues, and is less engaging with globalization.