Disciplinary practices have long been regarded as a central vehicle of socialization. However, children's immediate compliance to discipline is typically the only outcome studied. This study evaluated children's subsequent compliance, positive and negative affect, and prosocial and antisocial behaviors in the minutes following mothers' discipline. Predictors of these behaviors included maternal positive and negative affect during discipline, numbers of subsequent disciplinary incidents, and mothers' reported histories of verbal and physical aggression towards their children. Participants were 98 mothers with a child aged 4 to 9 years. Data came from home observations and mothers' self-reported histories of verbal and physical aggression. Maternal positive affect reliably predicted children's positive affect and prosocial behavior in minutes following discipline (p ≤ .05) but was not a reliable predictor of compliance rates. Higher numbers of subsequent disciplinary incidents predicted lower compliance rates and more antisocial behaviors in children. History of maternal physical aggression predicted poorer compliance rates and moderated maternal affect to decrease the predictability of child affect. History of maternal verbal aggression moderated maternal affect and thus increased the predictability of child affect after discipline. Results indicate that positive parent affect during discipline may reduce rates of aversive child behaviors in the minutes following discipline.