Examination of three Massachusetts firms that replaced trichloroethylene (TCE) for an alternative solvent found that the alternative selected was a function of increased regulation, the availability of technical assistance, the ability to gradually move toward use of a preferred chemical, and a commitment by middle and upper management and workers to toxics use reduction efforts. Two cases found risks were potentially being shifted between the environment and the workforce. Recommendations for reducing risk shifting included (1) training technical assistance providers on workplace health and safety issues; (2) including prominently featured hazard information within the CleanerSolutions database; (3) passing the Act for a Competitive Economy Through Safer Alternatives to Toxic Chemicals; (4) requiring more complete hazard and toxicology information on Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS); and (5) improving communication between the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Health and Safety Administration to ensure agency policies do not work at cross purposes.