The Early Kachemak Phase from 1800 to 500B.C. on the southcentral Alaskan coast is one of the lesser understood periods in Alaskan prehistory. Least known is how this archaeologically distinct culture subsisted in the climatically harsh but resource rich North Pacific ecosystem. Until recently, ideas about the primary diet and subsistence economy of the Early Kachemak Phase have been speculative at best. Analysis of the Horseshoe Cove Site (KOD-415) on Uganik Island, a midden site from the Kodiak Archipelago occupied during the Early Kachemak Period, was therefore undertaken to illuminate a picture of the subsistence economy during this period. This thesis presents a detailed analysis of faunal remains from the Horseshoe Cove Site, to test hypotheses concerning subsistence in the Kodiak Archipelago and the Southcentral Alaskan region. Results confirm that mass harvesting of offshore fish resources was the primary subsistence base of the Early Kachemak Period at the Horseshoe Cove Site. This suggests that mass fish harvest was critical for the origins and development of the Kachemak Culture, at least on Kodiak Island.