This study is the second to investigate biological characteristics associated with Proterozoic glaciation via molecular fossils from organic matter preserved in shale. In the Vazante Group, Minas Gerais, Brazil, the Serra da Lapa Formation unconformably overlies a formation recently dated to ca. 1.13 Ga. Lithologic and isotopic data suggest the Lapa represents deposition immediately after either an early Neoproterozoic "snowball Earth" ice age or a possible regional, but still low-latitude, late Mesoproterozoic ice age. The relative abundances of biomarkers and other organic molecules show variations that match lithologic and isotopic changes observed in 40 meters of exploration drill core studied. Inconsistencies among biomarker abundances as well as differences between the organic matter of the Lapa Formation and that of the underlying formation hint at heterogeneity among and within formations. A more complete picture of the Vazante Group is warranted before characteristics of preserved organic matter can be interpreted in the context of depositional environments or postdepositional processes.